Guide to colour plates
About the editors
Contributing authors
Preface
PART 1: ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE
Chapter 1 What is adolescence and who are adolescents?
David Bennett and Fiona Robards
Introduction
Who are adolescents?
Adolescent development
Adolescence, society, and culture
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 The health of Australian young people
Melissa Kang
Introduction
Australian young people today
Where and how do young people live?
Health indicators
Summary of mortality, disability and chronic conditions data
Social determinants of health
The Australian health system and young people
Policy and strategies
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Resilience, risk and protective factors in adolescence
John W Toumbourou, Craig A Olsson, Ian Williams, and Bill Hallam
Introduction
Improvements in adolescent health in Australia
Strategies to enhance adolescent health
Prevention and early intervention: child and adolescent public health systems and health promotion approaches
Working across multiple domains to advance mental, behavioural and physical health
Prevention and early intervention to encourage healthy child and adolescent development
Risk and resilience-promoting factors in developmental prevention approaches within individual, peer, family, school, and community settings
Addressing underlying influences (risk and protective factors) within communities and families to promote population benefits
An integrated approach to prevention and early intervention for health and medical professionals
Future directions in adolescent wellbeing
References
PART 2: CLINICAL APPROACHES AND YOUTH-FRIENDLY HEALTH CARE
Chapter 4 Youth-friendly practice
Melissa Kang and Lena A Sanci
Introduction
Barriers to youth-friendly practice: provider perspectives
Youth-friendly practice: structural and organisational factors
The consultation
Summary
References
Chapter 5 Medicolegal and ethical issues in adolescent health care
Melissa Kang and Jane Sanders
Introduction
Consent to medical treatment
Confidentiality
Child protection and mandatory reporting
Medicare
Conclusion
References
PART 3: COMMON AND IMPORTANT HEALTH ISSUES IN ADOLESCENCE
Chapter 6 Developmental learning disorders
Natalie Silove
Introduction
Definitions
Aetiology
Assessment and diagnosis
Management
Prognosis
Communication disorders
References
Chapter 7 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Simon D Clarke and Michael R Kohn
Introduction
Aetiology
Epidemiology
The impact of adolescence
Assessment and prognosis
Management of ADHD
Treatment, monitoring, and review
Medication
Psychosocial management
Complementary and alternative therapies
Comorbidities and ADHD
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder: psychiatric comorbidities in adolescence
David Dossetor
Introduction
Epidemiology: intellectual disability and psychiatric disorder
Emotional and behavioural disturbance: developmental, endocrine, and social and cultural expectation stages
Aetiology of psychiatric disturbance in intellectual disability
Assessment
Intellectual disability and ADHD
Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Management
Long-term prognosis
References
Chapter 9 Normal and abnormal pubertal development
Kate Steinbeck and Sally Duke
Introduction
The hormonal changes of puberty
Pubertal staging and duration
Normal pubertal growth
Pubertal changes which may or may not be normal
Delayed or absent puberty
Other variations in puberty development
Summary
Chapter 10 Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Louise A Baur and Shubha Srinivasan
Introduction
Definition of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence
Obesity-associated complications
Aetiology of obesity
Clinical assessment of adolescent obesity
Management of adolescent obesity
Primary prevention of adolescent obesity
Insulin resistance
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
References
Chapter 11 Adolescent gynaecology
Sonia Grover and Melissa Kang
Introduction
Gynaecological history
Physical examination
Vulva and vagina
Disorders of puberty
Disorders of menstruation
Disorders of sexual development (DSD)
Abdominal pain
The young woman who cannot achieve pregnancy
Common breast disorders in adolescent girls
Summary
References
Chapter 12 Sexual and reproductive health
Henrietta Williams, Melissa Kang, and S Rachel Skinner
Introduction
Global and historical perspectives
Adolescent sexuality
Sexual behaviour of young Australians
Adolescence and sexual and reproductive health care
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Other common vaginal complaints that are not sexually transmitted
Contraception
Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood
Taking a sexual history from an adolescent patient
Preventive aspects of sexual and reproductive health
Summary
References
Chapter 13 Chronic illness in young people
Michele Yeo and Susan M Sawyer
The prevalence of chronic illness
The impact of chronic illness on adolescent development
Impact of adolescent biological and psychosocial changes on chronic illness
Managing the young person with a chronic illness
Promoting self-management and adherence
Transition to adult health care services
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Transition from paediatric to adult care in chronic illness
Susan Towns and Lynne Brodie
Introduction
Supporting transition to adult health care
Challenges for the health care system
Developmental disability
Models of care
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Youth mental health
Andrew M Chanen, Richard Fraser, and Mark Phelan
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical presentation
Risk and protective factors
Assessment
Specific disorders
General principles of management
Management of specific disorders
References
Chapter 16 Adolescent substance use
Yvonne Bonomo and Amanda Norman
Introduction
Epidemiology
Trajectories of substance use
Substance use and adolescent development
Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use
Assessment
Management of adolescent substance use
Transition from adolescent to adult drug treatment services
Summary
References
Chapter 17 Eating disorders in adolescents
Michael R Kohn, Sloane Madden, Simon D Clarke, and Gail Anderson
Introduction
Classification of eating disorders
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology and complications
Assessment
Management
Inpatient management
Legal issues
Prognosis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Common skin conditions in adolescence
Peter Hogan
Introduction
Skin care
Psoriasis vulgaris
Eczema and dermatitis
Acne vulgaris
Infections
Melanocytic naevi
Striae
Keloids
Hyperhidrosis
Keratosis pilaris
Further reading
PART 4: COMPLEX, CHALLENGING, AND ILL-DEFINED DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENCE
Chapter 19 Headache
Mick Creati and Mark MacKay
Introduction
Epidemiology
Classification of headache disorders
Clinical assessment
Physical examination
Investigations
Common chronic headaches in young people
Adolescent-specific issues in headaches
The headache that will not go away
References
Chapter 20 Chronic fatigue syndrome
Katherine Rowe
Introduction
Case definition
Epidemiology and aetiology
Assessment
CFS and somatisation disorder, depression, school refusal, and overtraining syndrome
Management
Prognosis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21 Chronic abdominal pain
Donald Payne
Introduction
Background
Approach to the young person with chronic abdominal pain
Management
Summary
References
Chapter 22 Somatising disorders
Andrew Court and Andrew Kennedy
Introduction
Definitions
Epidemiology
Aetiology
Assessment
Management
A rehabilitative model of treatment
References
Chapter 23 School non-attendance and school refusal
Donald Payne and Liz Hughes
Introduction
Why is school non-attendance relevant to health professionals?
Terminology
Explained versus unexplained non-attendance
Understanding school refusal
Assessment of school non-attendance
Management of school non-attendance
Educational support and provision for students with health-related needs
Summary
References
Index
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